Hereupon Kossuth publicly declared (Nov. 22) to a deputation of his constituents from Czegled that he himself was in favour of an unbiased bank, however that the king opposed it, and that in the event of no concessions being made he would be a part of the opposition. This proposal was directly acknowledged by public opinion—to make use of the language of the Journal des Débats (May 21, 1909)—as “an instrument of domination” rather than as an attempt to hold out the spirit of the compact underneath which the Coalition authorities had been summoned to power. A period of infinite confusion and excessive distress now ensued, of which only the salient points can here be noted. The attempts of the Habsburgs to conquer Transylvania drew down upon them two recent Turkish invasions, the first in Siege of Szigetvár. 1552, when the sultan’s generals captured Temesvár and fifty-four lesser forts or fortresses, and the second in 1566, memorable as Suleiman’s final descent upon Hungary, and in addition for the heroic defence of Szigetvár by Miklós Zrinyi one of many classical sieges of historical past.

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57 The People’s party first emerged in the course of the elections of 1896, when it contested ninety eight seats. Its object was to resist the anti-clerical tendencies of the Liberals, and for this function it appealed to the “nationalities” in opposition to the dominant Magyar parties, the due enforcement of the Law of Equal Rights of Nationalities (1868) forming a main item of its programme. Its leader, Count Zichy, in a speech of Jan. 1, 1897, declared it to be neither national, nor Liberal, nor Christian to oppress the nationalities. forty six Especially the Electoral Law of 1874, which established a very unequal distribution of electoral areas, a highly complicated franchise, and voting by public declaration, thus making it easy for the federal government to intimidate the electors and usually to gerrymander the elections. forty The crowning atrocities, which the Magyars have never wholly forgiven, were the taking pictures and hanging of the “Arad Martyrs” and the execution of Batthyány. On October 6, 1849, 13 generals who had taken half within the warfare, together with Damjanics and Counts Vécsey and Leiningen, were hanged or shot at Arad.

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But, stimulated by the representations of Pope Innocent XI., who, well aware of the interior weakness of the Turk, was bent upon forming a Holy League to drive them out of Europe, and alarmed, besides, by the danger of Vienna and the hereditary states, Leopold reluctantly contracted an alliance with John III. Of Poland, and gave the command of the army which, primarily through the efforts of the pope he had been able to assemble, to Prince Charles of Lorraine. The struggle, which lasted for sixteen years and put an finish to the Turkish dominion in Hungary, started with the world-renowned siege of Vienna (July 14-Sept. 12, 1683).

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HUNALD, Duke of succeeded his father Odo, or Eudes, in 735. He refused to acknowledge the high authority of the Frankish mayor of the palace, Charles Martel, whereupon Charles marched south of the Loire, seized Bordeaux and Blaye, but eventually allowed Hunald to retain Aquitaine given that he ought to promise fidelity. From 736 to 741 the relations between Charles and Hunald appear to have remained amicable. But at Charles’s death in 741 Hunald declared war towards the Franks, crossed the Loire and burned Chartres. Menaced by Pippin and Carloman, Hunald begged for peace in 745 and retired to a monastery, probably on the Isle of Ré. We find him later in Italy, where he allied himself with the Lombards and was stoned to demise.

plenty of fish

Among the birds are the vulture, eagle, falcon, buzzard, kite, lark, nightingale, heron, stork and bustard. The rivers and lakes yield enormous quantities of fish, and leeches also are plentiful. The Theiss, once higher provided with fish than another river in Europe, has for a few years fallen off in its productiveness. The culture of the silkworm is mainly carried on in the south, and in Croatia-Slavonia. Hilly regions of Transylvania and of the northern a part of Hungary consist of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks and are intently linked, both in structure and origin, with the Carpathian chain.

Of France took the Hungarian mining system because the model for his metallurgical reforms, and Hungarian master-miners had been also in nice demand at the courtroom of Ivan the Terrible. Moreover, the keen creative instincts of Matthias led him to decorate his cities in addition to fortify them. Debreczen was virtually rebuilt by him, and dates its prosperity from his reign.